The ABC Pocket Guide to the Standard Model of Particle Physics by Josh Bastianello

Author:Josh Bastianello [Bastianello, Josh]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 2020-11-20T22:00:00+00:00

Orbital

Possible shapes of atomic orbitals (Geek3, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons)

An orbital is the region around the nucleus of an atom where an electron can be found. Orbitals can have different shapes, since mathematical formulas are used to determine the probability of an electron being in a certain region.

Proton

Protons, in red, in a helium atom (Wikimedia Commons)

A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle that can be found in the nucleus of an atom. It falls under the baryon category of hadrons. It consists of two up quarks and one down quark. The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number. The number of protons, therefore, determines the unique characteristics of each element in the universe.

Quark

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